In the research the researcher has tried to trace out that whether Jinnah was the sole reason of partition or not. Jinnah insisted Partition of India. Pal has stated that Communist members of the Bengal Assembly voted for partition. He also asks whether the many splinter Muslim parties which opposed Pakistan could have been won over by the Congress to make a more nationalistic front to defeat Mr. Jinnah’s Muslim League. ( Log Out / To Mr. Jinnah this letter was the most unexpected and pleasant of surprises. Regarding the role of Jyoti Basu, that is, the Communist Party of India (CPI), R.M. Pakistan Horizon aims to combine rigorous analysis with a helpful approach to international issues. Questions for classroom discussion How far was Muhammad Ali Jinnah responsible for the Partition British India in 1947? It seeks to encourage and facilitate the understanding of international affairs and to promote the scientific study of international politics, economics and jurisprudence. He set a great example of leadership for the whole world to follow. India having long died, this, apparently, is now “Bharat’s” sovereign right! While many theories continue to blame Congress and Jawaharlal Nehru for the partition, a new book - Jinnah: His Successes, Failures and Role in History - has rubbished the claim. I arrived at the Governor General’s House, and told his Military Secretary that I was here to see the Quaid. Reacting to Jaswant Singh's assessment of Jinnah's role in Partition of India, Bhagwat had said, "It is not a question of opinion. ( Log Out / In RSS perception main culprits are Muslims led by Jinnah while in Pakistani propaganda it is Hindus led by Gandhi who are mainly responsible for partition. MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH, A GREAT LEADER His determination was un-breakable for the partition of India and emergence of solely Muslim country. (Maulana Abul Kalam’s book being an exception, but only to a very limited extent). You had nothing to do with Pakistan’s creation.’. Jinnah is often cast as the victor in Partition, achieving his goal of an independent Pakistan, yet he complained bitterly before his death in 1948 that the final settlement was "moth-eaten" and incomplete. If you can go urgently and reason with him, I am sure he will listen to you and he will see the justice of our cause.’, Pir Sahib said I agreed to go, whereupon Qayyum Khan said this must be done urgently, and he made arrangements for me to go to Karachi the very next day. You know what a stubborn man Khan Sahib is. It was his paranoid fear of Muslims being totally overwhelmed by the majority Hindus. However, Jinnah who was initially a harbinger of a single, free nation and religious unity was drawn towards this idea of creation of Pakistan due to several direct and indirect factors. May 6, 2018, 4:49 AM IST Aakar Patel in Aakarvani, India, TOI . (Apart from the above-mentioned question, Mr. Jaswant Singh has also wondered why Mr. Jinnah hated the Congress leadership because he certainly did not hate either the Hindus or Hinduism. So instead of blaming Jinnah for the Partition, he says it was Nehru and Patel who decided to get on with it quickly. So when I received his letter offering his services for Pakistan I was very pleasantly surprised. It was obvious now that Hindu minorities in Pakistan wished to emigrate and went to their homelands of Hindustan and Muslims who wished to emigrate fromHindustan went to Pakistan. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions The Military Secretary came back within a few minutes and said, ‘The Quaid will see you’, and escorted me to his office. He was substantially responsible for it. He immediately wrote back saying ‘My dear Khan Sahib, I was extremely happy to receive your letter. Jinnah who played a major role in getting the pact through, was hailed as an apostle of Hindu-Muslim unity by Sarojini Naidu. In order to understand what was really afoot, one must probe the data at hand to discover an underlying pattern and try to work out what could have caused it. The book launch ceremony was held at Teen Murti Bhavan in the presence of only a couple of BJP members. Majumdar (M.L. He again doubts whether Mr. Jinnah really believed that the Muslims of India were a separate nation and so on). Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. After more than 7 decades of partition, Jinnah continues to be a controversial and polarising figure – which calls for a nuanced debate. But now that Pakistan has been created I think it is every Pakistani’s duty to make this Country work and make it strong. The basic issue Mr. Jaswant Singh wants debated, both honestly and urgently, is that of partition. S.A. Zafar, Published By: Pakistan Institute of International Affairs, Read Online (Free) relies on page scans, which are not currently available to screen readers. It is the oldest journal on International Relations in South Asia. It is said that Pakistan is created because of dispute between Jinnah and Nehru. The true motivations and machinations which make up history are largely hidden from the people, and only a (privileged or tortured?) He could not reconcile to the idea of the 'two' religions living in harmony. Unless the disease is properly diagnosed and cured, we are condemned to the prospect of repeated and pointless blood-letting on a very large scale, and the continued infliction of pain on the body of our land and our people. Its title is ‘Jinnah: His Successes, Failures and Role in History’ and its author, Ishtiaq Ahmed, is a Pakistani historian who now lives and teaches in Sweden’s Stockholm University. The vivisection of India, to quote Mahatma Gandhi, along religious lines resulted in one of the greatest tragedies of the century. Facebook Twitter Linkedin Email. One day, in late 1950 or early 1951, my father said to me: ‘I met Pir Sahib Manki Sharif, an old friend of mine, a few days ago, and he related a rather surprising story to me. Are you now are going to reward him for his opposition and deprive us of the fruit of our efforts and our victory?’, The Quaid, in his characteristic manner, pointed his finger at me and said ‘Pir Sahib, you say you created Pakistan? The Quaid looked very tired and weak, but he immediately got up to greet me and shaking my hand said, ‘Well Pir Sahib, what brings you to me in such a hurry?’ I sat down and said, ‘Sir, I hear you have invited Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan to see you, and he has offered you his services?’, The Quaid replied ‘That is right. In the research the researcher has tried to trace out that whether Jinnah was the sole reason of partition or not. India and Pakistan won independence in August 1947, following a nationalist struggle lasting nearly three decades. Finally, late in the evening he drove to see Pir Sahib of Manki Sharif and said, ‘ Pir Sahib, you know how hard we have worked to win Pakistan, and you also know that our staunchest enemy was Ghaffar Khan. Jinnah was the most articulate and confident advocate of the Pakistan demand in the face of opposition by the British and the Congress Party. Ishtiaq Ahmed places Jinnah's actions under intense scrutiny to ascertain the Quaid-i-Azam's successes and failures and the meaning and significance of his legacy. That entire day Qayyum Khan spent worrying himself to death about his imminent political demise. Pakistan Horizon is the flagship quarterly journal of the Institute. ©2000-2021 ITHAKA. M. A. Jinnah August 15, 1947 marked the day of the end of the 200 year long British rule and saw the partition of India into Muslim controlled Pakistan and Hindu dominated India. He said that within a few days of the Quaid’s arrival in Karachi after Partition, the Quaid received a letter from Ghaffar Khan which read ‘Dear Mr. Jinnah, you have won and I have lost. Reasons for partition. Direct action was a call given by Jinnah to push for his demand for Pakistan. Jinnah’s Role in the Partition of India The following is the first in a series of posts in response to Jaswant Singh’s book Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence Mr. Jaswant Singh has indeed written an excellent book with much labor and, I am sure, a deep love for India. It features articles related to Pakistan’s foreign policy, regional and global issues, women’s concerns in international relations, IR theory, terrorism and security studies and emerging environmental concerns. India faced lots of problem but this was drastic decision taken by our leaders. It is often said that Jinnah played prominent role in the partition of India- Pakistan. Please feel free to come and see me at your convenience.’, The news of this spread very fast in Mardan and Peshawar, and Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan, who had already been named Chief Minister, NWFP, became extremely nervous, because he was sure that if the Quaid backed Ghaffar Khan, no one but Ghaffar Khan would hold the reins of power in the NWFP. No, no, no…….. . Jinnah told Robert Simson the same month that partition was 'unjust and cruel' and pledged to 'help cause of the Arabs in Palestine in every possible way’ … Change ). Mohammad Ali Jinnah has been both celebrated and reviled for his role in the Partition of India, and the controversies surrounding his actions have only increased in the seven decades and more since his death. M.A.Jinnah was a person who started his political career as “Ambassador of hindu muslim unity” but ended up disrupting unity and peace. © 1995 Pakistan Institute of International Affairs Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. It was the Congress that later repudiated the pact. Pakistan was created eighty percent by the British, fifteen percent by the Congress, three percent by myself, and two percent by my Secretary. The following is the first in a series of posts in response to Jaswant Singh’s book Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence. In 1940 in Lahore Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the man who founded Pakistan, gave a seminal speech setting out the need for a separate state for Muslims on … You also know that he is an honest political leader and I respect him.’ I said, ‘Sir, you know Ghaffar Khan always opposed Pakistan, and we created Pakistan in opposition to him. ( Log Out / But the Quaid regards you very highly and you also do not hold any office. Britishers eager to divide India finally surrendered and Pakistan was born. Jinnah is explicitly considered responsible for the unwarranted ‘Partition’. What is sad, however, is that the very constructive debate he had hoped to inaugurate with this magnum opus, and that too on the most basic political issue of this sub-continent, has been stifled – and rather rudely at that – by his own people. I have knowledge of the broad mechanics of it but not any deep understanding or acceptance of the attendant rationalizations, those fundamentals which made us choose this awful vivisection as our preferred option.” (Page 483). few know them. A section of the Muslims was also opposed to this demand. For my part I am at your service to help in any way you think fit.’ Ghaffar Khan was not only a genuine political leader, whom the Quaid admired, he was also notorious for being very adamant and immovable in his views. Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan and the leader of the Muslim League in its final phase, is often assumed to have been the one who brought about partition. All Rights Reserved. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. The Pakistan Institute of International Affairs (PIIA) is a non-official, non-party, and non-profit making body. If … ( Log Out / Pir Sahib Manki said that even though the Quaid later agreed to postpone his meeting with Ghaffar Khan, the Quaid’s statement regarding who created Pakistan never ceased to shock him. There ended the bit of history conveyed, by the late Pir Sahib of Manki Sharif, via my father, to me. Mukhopadhyaya,Calcutta); and H. M. Seervai’s Partition of India : legend and Reality, (Oxford University Press, Karachi). These people very rarely make, or are permitted to make, a complete disclosure of facts. His aim to protect Muslim interests make the Two-Nation Theory workable, he had done a lot of hard work. It is often said that Jinnah played prominent role in the partition of India- Pakistan. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization helping the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways. Now the Quaid has invited him to Karachi, and if this meeting takes place, we are all dead. He is a peculiar politician whose ideology kept on changing all through his political career. Once again Bharat’s leaders have shown their utter ignorance of the fundamental problem facing this sub-continent, and their insistence on trudging the same old path of mindless confrontation and destruction for our people. If I go to see the Quaid and protest, he will say that I am thinking about my chief minister-ship and not about Pakistan. It is a historical fact that he [Jinnah] was responsible for Partition and he triggered 'direct action' [in which many people were killed]." Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The notion of dividing the Indian subcontinent into Hindu-majority and Muslim-majority areas as is now characterised as the brainchild of Jinnah’s Muslim League went through various stages of evolution. This is obviously still an unresolved question of great importance, and indeed urgency for the people of this sub-continent, for we are faced, on a daily basis, with a large number of assaults on our peace, friendship, unity and integrity.. But some leading scholars, such as Ayesha Jalal, contend that Jinnah never wanted it. It contains controversial opinions of Singh, claiming that Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru 's centralised policy was responsible for partition, and that Jinnah was portrayed as a demon by India for the partition. Moore describes Jinnah's charisma, place of dignity in politics, the persecution of Muslims … Pakistan Horizon The vivisection of India, to quote Mahatma Gandhi, along religious lines resulted in … As I think Mr. Jaswant Singh, an experienced politician and diplomat at the very highest level, would know well, history is seldom true if based entirely on public documents and printed statements. How did Jinnah’s role complicate the Indian Nationalist landscape? In 1940, at a Muslim League session in Lahore, the first official demand was made for the partition of India and the creation of a Muslim state of Pakistan. Mr. Jaswant Singh has indeed written an excellent book with much labor and, I am sure, a deep love for India. Secondly, history does not make much sense if we merely recite events and dates. These lectures gave shape to her book The Pity of Partition - an intellectual history of the life and works of Saadat Hassan Manto, who is also closely related to her. They advocated the partition of India and establishment of a separate homeland Pakistan for them in March 1940. Jinnah boasted that every village in India would be engulfed by similar communal riots if India was not partitioned to establish Pakistan. Partition was even by the late 1940s just one in a number of potential political outcomes. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. PARTITION AND JINNAH'S ROLE 57 "revisionist" theme has, however, been done by H.M. Seervai, a former Advocate-General of Maharashtra.6 R.J. Moore's "Jinnah and the Pakistan Demand" is a positive account of "the relation between Jinnah and the Pakistan movement" during the decade preceding partition. To access this article, please, Pakistan Institute of International Affairs, Access everything in the JPASS collection, Download up to 10 article PDFs to save and keep, Download up to 120 article PDFs to save and keep. Aakar Patel . Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The portrait of Pakistan’s founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah on the wall of the Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) has created controversy. Request Permissions. Why we should not hate Jinnah for the partition of India. Before I proceed to answer in detail whether Mr. Jinnah really believed that the Muslims of India were a separate nation, and to list the factors which, to my mind, are responsible for our very sad predicament, allow me to narrate an incident which probably encapsulates the answers to some of Mr. Jaswant Singh’s major questions. With a personal account, you can read up to 100 articles each month for free. JSTOR®, the JSTOR logo, JPASS®, Artstor®, Reveal Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA. Or the manner in which it was done. Jinnah was most in favour of federation, given that Review by: There followed Gandhi vs. Jinnah by Allan Hayes Meriam, (Minerva Associates, Calcutta, 1980); Jinnah and Gandhi: Their Role inIndia’s Quest for Freedom by S.K. Jinnah became the first governor general of Pakistan. The Partition: 1947, Was it Jinnah or Nehru? Along with Liaquat Ali Khan and Abdur Rab Nishtar, Muhammad Ali Jinnah represented the League in the Partition Council to appropriate The real truth often lies behind these carefully tailored curtains, away from the public eye. He says “I still fail to understand why was India partitioned in 1947? Let me tell you who created Pakistan. M. A. Jinnah August 15, 1947 marked the day of the end of the 200 year long British rule and saw the partition of India into Muslim controlled Pakistan and Hindu dominated India. Sheetal Kumrawat Student Indore Institute of Law, Indore, Madhya Pradesh Abstract - 1947 The year when two nations got separated that were India and Pakistan. 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