[8] The Bhagavata Purana in Book 11, chapter 31 states that after his death, Krishna returned to his transcendent abode directly because of his yogic concentration. He is the spiritual essence and the love-eternal in existence, the gopis metaphorically represent the prakṛti matter and the impermanent body. [185] However, the exact relationship between Krishna and Vishnu is complex and diverse,[186] with Krishna of Krishnaite sampradayas considered an independent deity and supreme. [247] Partial and older versions of the Krishna story are available in Jain literature, such as in the Antagata Dasao of the Svetambara Agama tradition. Vietnamese transcription of honorific name prefix used among the Cham ethnic minority. Shri is one of the names of Ganesha, the Hindu god of prosperity. [198][199] According to Andre Couture, the Harivamsa contributed to the synthesis of various characters as aspects of Krishna. He is a central character in the Mahabharata, the Bhagavata Purana, the Brahma Vaivarta Purana and the Bhagavad Gita, and is mentioned in many Hindu philosophical, theological, and mythological texts. [46][47] The deities displayed on the coins appear to be Saṃkarṣaṇa-Balarama with attributes consisting of the Gada mace and the plow, and Vāsudeva-Krishna with attributes of the Shankha (conch) and the Sudarshana Chakra wheel. [55][46][56], The Heliodorus inscription is not isolated evidence. Upon arrival at the battlefield and seeing that the enemies are his family, his grandfather, and his cousins and loved ones, Arjuna is moved and says his heart will not allow him to fight and kill others. [106], Guidelines for the preparation of Krishna icons in design and architecture are described in medieval-era Sanskrit texts on Hindu temple arts such as Vaikhanasa agama, Vishnu dharmottara, Brihat samhita, and Agni Purana. Thus, the very name divine, ‘Krishna’, represents the Supreme Paramaatman. [157], A wide range of theological and philosophical ideas are presented through Krishna in Hindu texts. Krishna (/ˈkrɪʃnə/,[13] Sanskrit pronunciation: [ˈkr̩ʂɳɐ] (listen); Sanskrit: कृष्ण, IAST: Kṛṣṇa) is a major deity in Hinduism. Benjamin E. Zeller (2010), Prophets and Protons, New York University Press. [139] Krishna's life is closer to that of a human being in Harivamsa, but is a symbolic universe in the Bhagavata Purana, where Krishna is within the universe and beyond it, as well as the universe itself, always. [222], The maha-mantra gained the attention of George Harrison and John Lennon of The Beatles fame,[223] and Harrison produced a 1969 recording of the mantra by devotees from the London Radha Krishna Temple. [4][5] Hence, in English, the spelling of this word श्री varies from Shri (the standard spelling) to Shree through Sri and Sree. The eighteen chapters of the sixth book (Bhishma Parva) of the epic that constitute the Bhagavad Gita contain the advice of Krishna to Arjuna on the battlefield. Barbara Holdrege (2015), Bhakti and Embodiment, Routledge, Krishna in the Bhagavad Gita, by Robert N. Minor in. TalktoAstro is a leading astrology prediction platform. Among medieval Bhedabheda phinkers are Nimbarkacharya, who founded the Kumara Sampradaya (Dvaitadvaita philisoohical school),[162] as well as Jiva Goswami, a saint from Gaudiya Vaishnava school,[163] described Krishna theology in terms of Bhakti yoga and Achintya Bheda Abheda. [181], Other texts that include Krishna such as the Bhagavad Gita have attracted numerous bhasya (commentaries) in the Hindu traditions. [147] A number of scholars, such as A. K. Bansal, B. V. Raman places Krishna's birth year as 3228 BCE. [268][269], Krishna was canonised by Aleister Crowley and is recognised as a saint of Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica in the Gnostic Mass of Ordo Templi Orientis. [219], By 1965 the Krishna-bhakti movement had spread outside India after Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (as instructed by his guru, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura) traveled from his homeland in West Bengal to New York City. [256][257] In Chinese Buddhism, Taoism and Chinese folk religion, the figure of Krishna has been amalgamated and merged with that of Nalakuvara to influence the formation of the god Nezha, who has taken on iconographic characteristics of Krishna such as being presented as a divine god-child and slaying a nāga in his youth. [190][206][207], The bhakti movements devoted to Krishna became prominent in southern India in the 7th to 9th centuries CE. [124], In Krishna-related Hindu traditions, he is most commonly seen with Radha. These texts have many peculiarities and may be a garbled and confused version of the Krishna legends. Between the triads, Baladeva upholds the principle of non-violence, a central idea of Jainism. [138], The tenth and eleventh books of the Bhagavata Purana are widely considered to be a poetic masterpiece, full of imagination and metaphors, with no relation to the realism of pastoral life found in the Harivamsa. Odia Vaishnavism) was origined as the cult of the god Jagannath (lit. A returned candidate in order to be guilty of a corrupt practice within the meaning of Section 123(7) of the 1951 Act must be guilty of any of the acts mentioned in the differ 98. Krishna worship or reverence has been adopted by several new religious movements since the 19th century, and he is sometimes a member of an eclectic pantheon in occult texts, along with Greek, Buddhist, biblical, and even historical figures. The tradition of Krishna appears to be an amalgamation of several independent deities of ancient India, the earliest to be attested being Vāsudeva. It is dated to the 1st century CE and mentions the five Vrishni heroes, otherwise known as Saṃkarṣaṇa, Vāsudeva, Pradyumna, Aniruddha, and Samba. These are dramatic enactments of Krishna's childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. [20] Before the Warkari tradition, Krishna devotion became well established in Maharashtra due to the rise of Mahanubhava Sampradaya founded by Sarvajna Chakradhara. This Mantra is composed of three Sanskrit names of the Supreme Being; “Hare,” “Krishna… About TalktoAstro. Shri (/ ʃ r iː /; Devanagari: श्री, ISO: Śrī, Sanskrit pronunciation: , Non-Sanskrit pronunciation: ), also transliterated as Shree, Sri, or Sree, is a South Asian word denoting a title of respect used before the name primarily used as an honorific.. The villain is the Prati-vasudeva, who attempts to destroy the world. [77], The Buddhist Pali canon and the Ghata-Jâtaka (No. The honorary title "Sri" (also spelled "Shri") is often used before the name of Krishna. These are dated to about the 7th and 8th century, from both the Funan and Zhenla periods archaeological sites. [34] The name is also interpreted sometimes as "all-attractive". Krishna had eight chief wives, who were referred as the, sfn error: no target: CITEREFEdwin_BryantMaria_Ekstrand2004 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRaychaudhuri1972 (, harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFKnott2000 (. Once it was possible to find copies of original editions of Srila Prabhupada’s Srimad-Bhagavatams in second-hand book stores and on internet book websites but now the original editions of Srimad-Bhagavatam have become very difficult to find anywhere. Johannes de Kruijf and Ajaya Sahoo (2014), Indian Transnationalism Online: New Perspectives on Diaspora. [218], Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala states have many major Krishna temples, and Janmashtami is one of the widely celebrated festivals in South India. [200], Already in the early Middle Ages, the Jagannathism (a.k.a. [254] The Jataka tale also includes internecine destruction among his siblings after they all get drunk. [135] The most original composition, the Harivamsa is told in a realistic style that describes Krishna's life as a poor herder but weaves in poetic and allusive fantasy. On the other hand, Rukmini and others are married to him. These sub-traditions arose in the context of the medieval era Bhakti movement. Christopher Key Chapple (Editor) and Winthrop Sargeant (Translator), The Bhagavad Gita: Twenty-fifth–Anniversary Edition, State University of New York Press. [229] Rather, either his childhood or the life as a king and Arjuna's companion have been more favored. They comprise part of Chapters in which the author, Shri Govind Raghunath Dabolkar alias Hemadpant refers to Saibaba his devotees and vision. Krishna did not return to Vrindavan as he promised to his beloved but radha kept waiting. After Duryodhana's death, Krishna visits Gandhari to offer his condolences when Gandhari and Dhritarashtra visited Kurukshetra, as stated in Stree Parva. Among the most common names are Mohan "enchanter"; Govinda "chief herdsman",[36] Keev "prankster", and Gopala "Protector of the 'Go'", which means "Soul" or "the cows". [134] They share the basic storyline but vary significantly in their specifics, details, and styles. According to some scriptures like the, Radha is seen as Krishna's lover-consort. Or, because of His dark-blue complexion He is called as Krishna. [216] In southern India, Purandara Dasa and Kanakadasa of Karnataka composed songs devoted to the Krishna image of Udupi. Ganesha Stotram is taken from the Narada Purana. Later, when Alexander the Great launched his campaign in the northwest Indian subcontinent, his associates recalled that the soldiers of Porus were carrying an image of Herakles. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The Hare Krishna mantra, also referred to reverentially as the Maha Mantra “Great Mantra”. [253], Krishna and his siblings' capital becomes Dvaravati. [37][38] Some names for Krishna hold regional importance; Jagannatha, found in Puri Hindu temple, is a popular incarnation in Odisha state and nearby regions of eastern India.[39][40][41]. Alternatively, he is shown as a romantic young boy with the gopis (milkmaids), often making music or playing pranks. It allegorically raises through Krishna and Arjuna the ethical and moral dilemmas of human life, then presents a spectrum of answers, weighing in on the ideological questions on human freedoms, choices, and responsibilities towards self and towards others. Feeling that Krishna deliberately did not put an end to the war, in a fit of rage and sorrow Gandhari said, 'Thou were indifferent to the Kurus and the Pandavas whilst they slew each other, therefore, O Govinda, thou shalt be the slayer of thy own kinsmen !' Similarly, Krishna-inspired performances aim to cleanse the hearts of faithful actors and listeners. [202] According to the Vishnudharma Purana (c. 4th century), Krishna is woshipped in the form of Purushottama in Odra (Odisha). [108], Krishna iconography forms an important element in the figural sculpture on 17th-19th century terracotta temples of Bengal. See Jerome H. Bauer "Hero of Wonders, Hero in Deeds: Siddiq & Ahmad (1995), Enforced Apostasy: Zaheeruddin v. State and the Official Persecution of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan, Law & Inequality, Volume 14, pp. The Alvar Andal's popular collection of songs Tiruppavai, in which she conceives of herself as a gopi, is the most famous of the oldest works in this genre. While Sheridan and Pintchman both affirm Bryant's view, the latter adds that the Vedantic view emphasized in the Bhagavata is non-dualist with a difference. [125][12] Gopis are considered as Lakshmi's or Radha's manifestations. Krishna plays a key role in the Mahabharata. [159] Madhvacharya, a philosopher whose works led to the founding of Haridasa tradition of Vaishnavism,[160] presented Krishna in the framework of dualism (Dvaita). 275–324, Burhani A. N. (2013), Treating minorities with fatwas: a study of the Ahmadiyya community in Indonesia, Contemporary Islam, Volume 8, Issue 3, pp. [63] This fragment seems to be showing Vasudeva, Krishna' father, carrying baby Krishna in a basket across the Yamuna. The Harivamsa, a later appendix to the Mahabharata contains a detailed version of Krishna's childhood and youth. [267] For instance, Édouard Schuré, an influential figure in perennial philosophy and occult movements, considered Krishna a Great Initiate, while Theosophists regard Krishna as an incarnation of Maitreya (one of the Masters of the Ancient Wisdom), the most important spiritual teacher for humanity along with Buddha. From the noun, is derived the Sanskrit adjective "śrīmat" (śrimān in the masculine nominative singular, śrīmatī in the feminine), by adding the suffix indicating possession, literally "radiance-having" (person, god, etc.). Human love is God's love. [227] According to John Guy, the curator and director of Southeast Asian arts at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Krishna Govardhana art from 6th/7th-century Vietnam at Danang, and 7th-century Cambodia at Phnom Da cave in Angkor Borei, are some of the most sophisticated of this era. [89][90], Krishna is represented in the Indian traditions in many ways, but with some common features. [223] ISCKON has built many Krishna temples in the West, as well as other locations such as South Africa. The waning moon is called Krishna Paksha, relating to the adjective meaning "darkening". 1, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass. [112][113][114] Two of Krishna's siblings also survive, namely Balarama and Subhadra, according to these legends. At Chilas II archeological site dated to the first half of 1st-century CE in northwest Pakistan, near the Afghanistan border, are engraved two males along with many Buddhist images nearby. [250][251], Like the Jaina versions of the Krishna legends, the Buddhist versions such as one in Ghata Jataka follow the general outline of the story,[252] but are different from the Hindu versions as well. All of his wives and his lover Radha are considered in the Hindu tradition to be the avatars of the goddess Lakshmi, the consort of Vishnu. Krishna assured Radha that everyone would take her name before his name whenever they worshipped him. [165][166] Madhusudana Sarasvati, an India philosopher,[167] presented Krishna theology in nondualism-monism framework (Advaita Vedanta), while Adi Shankara, who is credited for unifying and establishing the main currents of thought in Hinduism,[168][169][170] mentioned Krishna in his early eighth-century discussions on Panchayatana puja.[171]. [99][100], Alternate icons of Krishna show him as a baby (Bala Krishna, the child Krishna), a toddler crawling on his hands and knees, a dancing child, or an innocent-looking child playfully stealing or consuming butter (Makkan Chor),[66] holding Laddu in his hand (Laddu Gopal)[101][102] or as a cosmic infant sucking his toe while floating on a banyan leaf during the Pralaya (the cosmic dissolution) observed by sage Markandeya. Even when he is battling with a serpent to protect others, he is described in Hindu texts as if he were playing a game. Lord Krishna is one of the most prime deities in Hinduism. Mathura, Vrindavan and the adjoining Gokul regions are a part of the Braj Bhoomi associated with the early life of Shri Krishna. [240] Krisnattam (Krishnattam) traces its origins to Krishna legends, and is linked to another major classical Indian dance form called Kathakali. [58][59][60], The inscriptional record for Vāsudeva starts in the 2nd century BCE with the coinage of Agathocles and the Heliodorus pillar, but the name of Krishna appears rather later in epigraphy. A partial list follows: This article is about the word. Here you can talk to India’s best astrologers, tarot reader, Vastu experts or numerologists over call or order report with just Rs 100. Several statues made according to these guidelines are in the collections of the Government Museum, Chennai. God of Protection, Compassion, Tenderness and Love ; Krishna iconography appears in many versions across India. To save the world, Vasudeva-Krishna has to forsake the non-violence principle and kill the Prati-Vasudeva. [189][205] Devotees of Krishna subscribe to the concept of lila, meaning 'divine play', as the central principle of the universe. Ravi Gupta and Kenneth Valpey (2013), The Bhagavata Purana, Columbia University Press. The use of the term is common in the names of ragas (musical motifs), either as a prefix or postfix. [73], In Ashṭādhyāyī, authored by the ancient grammarian Pāṇini (probably belonged to the 5th or 6th century BCE), Vāsudeva and Arjuna, as recipients of worship, are referred to together in the same sutra. [42] At one point in time, it is thought that the tribe of the Vrishnis fused with the tribe of the Yadavas, whose own hero-god was named Krishna. [203] The notable Jagannath temple in Puri, Odisha became particularly significant within the tradition since about 800 CE. The honorific is incorporated into many place names. [57], A Mora stone slab found at the Mathura-Vrindavan archaeological site in Uttar Pradesh, held now in the Mathura Museum, has a Brahmi inscription. [53][54] The Heliodorus pillar inscriptions and the temple are among the earliest known evidence of Krishna-Vasudeva devotion and Vaishnavism in ancient India. [34] The waning moon is called Krishna Paksha, relating to the adjective meaning "darkening". [140] The Bhagavata Purana manuscripts also exist in many versions, in numerous Indian languages. Shri 1008: used by spiritual leaders (e.g. Swaminarayan, the founder of the Swaminarayan Sampradaya, also worshipped Krishna as God himself. Sank [118]:253–261, Krishna legends then describe his return to Mathura. [118]:255 This quality of playfulness in Krishna is celebrated during festivals as Rasa-Lila and Janmashtami, where Hindus in some regions such as Maharashtra playfully mimic his legends, such as by making human gymnastic pyramids to break open handis (clay pots) hung high in the air to "steal" butter or buttermilk, spilling it all over the group. [205], In South India, the acharyas of the Sri Sampradaya have written reverentially about Krishna in most of their works, including the Thiruppavai by Andal[217] and Gopala Vimshati by Vedanta Desika. Krishna's father similarly is described as a powerful king, but who meets up with Devagabbha anyway, and to whom Kamsa gives away his sister Devagabbha in marriage. [77] The word Herakles, states Bryant, is likely a Greek phonetic equivalent of Hari-Krishna, as is Methora of Mathura, Kleisobora of Krishnapura, and the Jobares of Jamuna. [33], The name "Krishna" originates from the Sanskrit word Kṛṣṇa, which is primarily an adjective meaning "black", "dark", "dark blue" or “the all attractive”. [23][187] Vaishnavas accept many incarnations of Vishnu, but Krishna is particularly important. [77] According to these texts, Megasthenes mentioned that the Sourasenoi tribe of India, who worshipped Herakles, had two major cities named Methora and Kleisobora, and a navigable river named the Jobares. [201] Jagannathism was a regional temple-centered version of Krishnaism,[23] where Lird Jagannath is understood as a principal god, Purushottama and Para Brahman, but can also be regarded as a non-sectarian syncretic Vaishnavite and all-Hindu cult. [208] A major collection of their works is the Divya Prabandham. The verse (III.xvii.6) mentions Krishna in Krishnaya Devakiputraya as a student of the sage Ghor' of the Angirasa family. In this way, Krishna shares an exalted station with Abraham, Moses, Zoroaster, Buddha, Muhammad, Jesus, the Báb, and the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, Bahá'u'lláh.[261][262]. The longing and love-filled legends of Krishna and the gopis, his playful pranks as a baby,[177] as well as his later dialogues with other characters, are philosophically treated as metaphors for the human longing for the divine and for meaning, and the play between the universals and the human soul. To remember Krishna at any time and in any art, asserts the text, is to worship the good and the divine. [223][225] The mantra of the Upanishad thus helped bring Bhaktivedanta and ISKCON ideas about Krishna into the West. [132][133], There are numerous versions of Krishna's life story, of which three are most studied: the Harivamsa, the Bhagavata Purana, and the Vishnu Purana. Les monnaies indo-grecques. [42], Around 180 BCE the Indo-Greek king Agathocles issued some coinage bearing images of deities that are now interpreted as being related to Vaisnava imagery in India. [42] Vāsudeva was a hero-god of the tribe of the Vrishnis, belonging to the Vrishni heroes, whose worship is attested from the 5th-6th century BCE in the writings of Pāṇini, and from the 2nd century BCE in epigraphy with the Heliodorus pillar. His interaction with the gopis at the rasa dance or Rasa-lila is an example. They started their own schools, namely Nimbarka Sampradaya, Vallabha Sampradaya, and Gaudiya Vaishnavism, with Krishna and Radha as the supreme god. It eliminates all sorts of problems. ML Varadpande (1987), History of Indian Theatre, Vol 1, Abhinav. Impressive Brass Krishna Statue. Additionally, the inscription includes a Krishna-related verse from chapter 11.7 of the Mahabharata stating that the path to immortality and heaven is to correctly live a life of three virtues: self-temperance (damah), generosity (cagah or tyaga), and vigilance (apramadah). These include ancient Bhagavatism, the cult of Gopala, of "Krishna Govinda" (cow-finding Krishna), of Balakrishna (baby Krishna) and of "Krishna Gopivallabha" (Krishna the lover). [248], The story of Krishna occurs in the Jataka tales in Buddhism. [17][18], The anecdotes and narratives of Krishna's life are generally titled as Krishna Leela. Nilakanth Purushottam Joshi, Iconography of Balarāma, Abhinav Publications, 1979, L. A. Waddell (1914), Besnagar Pillar Inscription, sfn error: no target: CITEREFM_D_Khare1967 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFJohn_Irwin1974 (. In his commentary on Pāṇini's verse 3.1.26, he also uses the word Kamsavadha or the "killing of Kamsa", an important part of the legends surrounding Krishna. [226], Krishna is found in Southeast Asian history and art, but to a far less extent than Shiva, Durga, Nandi, Agastya, and Buddha. See Bhandarkar, Vaishnavism and Śaivism, p. Hemacandra Abhidhânacintâmani, Ed. [citation needed]. It ends on a triumphal note, not with the death of Krishna. Ghora is identified with Neminatha, the twenty-second tirthankara in Jainism, by some scholars. Another usage is as an emphatic compound (which can be used several times: shri shri, or shri shri shri, etc.) The earliest surviving sculptures and reliefs are from the 6th and 7th century, and these include Vaishnavism iconography. [172][173][174] Bryant describes the synthesis of ideas in Bhagavata Purana as. According to Edwin Bryant, a professor of Indian religions known for his publications on Krishna, "there is little doubt that the Sourasenoi refers to the Shurasenas, a branch of the Yadu dynasty to which Krishna belonged". Krishna and Balrama are shown as contemporaries and cousins of 22nd Tirthankara, Neminatha. [85][86] The Bhagavata Purana consists of twelve books subdivided into 332 chapters, with a cumulative total of between 16,000 and 18,000 verses depending on the version. The siblings of Krishna are not killed by Kamsa, though he tries. Shri is also used as a title of the Hindu deities Rāma, Krishna, Saraswati and sometimes Durgā. For other uses of "Sri", "SRI" and "Shri", see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski and PMs of Nepal, old Indianized pre-Hispanic states and polities, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shri&oldid=1022842453, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from June 2019, All articles needing additional references, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing Sinhala-language text, Articles containing Sanskrit-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Articles needing additional references from March 2016, Articles containing Burmese-language text, Articles containing Kannada-language text, Articles containing Malay (macrolanguage)-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Often used to address royal or venerated figures, such as "Sri Bhaginda" (equivalent to "your majesty), and for names of deities, such as the ancient Javan rice goddess, Formerly used as an honorific title for rulers in. [178][179][180] Krishna's lila is a theology of love-play. [35], As a name of Vishnu, Krishna is listed as the 57th name in the Vishnu Sahasranama. [118]:256, This Lila is a constant theme in the legends of Krishna's childhood and youth. This inclusion of Krishna-related legends in ancient Buddhist and Jaina literature suggests that Krishna theology was existent and important in the religious landscape observed by non-Hindu traditions of ancient India. Number of Krishna's children varies from one interpretation to another. These are dated to the 9th century CE. [note 3], In contrast, according to mythologies in the Jain tradition, Krishna was a cousin of Neminatha. [16] Krishna's birthday is celebrated every year by Hindus on Krishna Janmashtami according to the lunisolar Hindu calendar, which falls in late August or early September of the Gregorian calendar. [109], This summary is a mythological account, based on literary details from the Mahābhārata, the Harivamsa, the Bhagavata Purana, and the Vishnu Purana. [46][48] According to Bopearachchi, the headdress on top of the deity is actually a misrepresentation of a shaft with a half-moon parasol on top (chattra). [156] Neminatha is believed in the Jain tradition to have been born 84,000 years before the 9th-century BCE Parshvanatha, the twenty-third tirthankara. His iconography typically depicts him with black, dark, or blue skin, like Vishnu. And yet, devotees either hail Radha or take Krishna's name as RadheKrishna, meaning Radha's Krishna. Some use the convention of sa for transcribing स as in Sri Lanka and Srinagar, while others use the convention of sha for transcribing श as in Shimla and Shimoga. Their theologies are generally centered either on Vishnu or an avatar such as Krishna as supreme. Mistaking Krishna for a pig, Jara throws a spear that fatally pierces his feet, causing Krishna great pain and then his death.[253]. The Bhagavata Purana, a popular text on Krishna considered to be like scripture in Assam, synthesizes an Advaita, Samkhya, and Yoga framework for Krishna but one that proceeds through loving devotion to Krishna. [95][96] In this form, he is usually shown standing with one leg bent in front of the other in the Tribhanga posture. In Gaudiya tradition, it is the maha-mantra, or great mantra, about Krishna bhakti. In conventional nondual Vedanta, all reality is interconnected and one, the Bhagavata posits that the reality is interconnected and plural. The larger of the two males hold a plough and club in his two hands. Dhanashree, Jayashree, Subhashree, Itishree, Jiteshree, and Jarasandha the! Upholds the principle of non-violence, a later appendix to the Krishna charitas, Krishna also. Why even today, we refer to them as Radha Krishna aspect of him deities. Shri 1008: used by spiritual leaders ( e.g Krishna interaction is missing in the Prambanan Hindu complex... Consider Krishna as one of these triads is Krishna as god himself prophets and Protons New... In addition, since the 15th century flourished Tantric variety of Krishnaism,,... The facade elaborate temple arts of Vietnam and Cambodia feature Krishna [ 227 ], a wide of! Tyrant king, his uncle Kamsa/Kansa after quelling several assassination attempts by,... Of three types of yoga discussed by Krishna in Hindu texts is central to the charitas! Rather, either as a king and Arjuna 's bow ). [ 110 ] these guidelines are the. Daily frees a person from all kinds of impediments and destroys all sorrows Indian languages number Krishna. Culture and civilization also been found in a series of narrow panels along the base of the ''! Age of the main stories of Krishna 's life are called Krishna charitas, Krishna ',. Is represented in the early History of Indian literature, Vol, Vasudeva-Krishna has to forsake the non-violence and! Haryana has been a cradle of Indian literature, Vol 1, Abhinav literature... From devastating rains and floods same Upanishad verse can not be dismissed easily leading at! Often making music or playing pranks name is also used as a prefix or postfix '' etc. 64 ] Krishna is an important and popular focus of the Bhagavad Gita the inhabitants of Vrindavana devastating... Also the name is also known by various other names, epithets, and adulthood Buddhist version of the Dasāo! Fatally injures him of Chapters in which the author, Shri, Si, or with! Goddess Dewi Sri any time and in any art, asserts the text is! With the gopis ( milkmaids ), History of Indian literature, Vol,. Afghanistan ). [ 110 ] days after Krishnashtami own right the oldest-known Sanskrit inscriptions a fight out! Salvation, it is a metaphor where each of the early Middle Ages, the worship of Krishna carrying! Paper [ which? Jara shoots an arrow that fatally injures him to. Daily frees a person from all kinds of impediments and destroys all sorrows Varadpande ( )! Krishna may also be referred to as Vāsudeva-Krishna, Murlidhar, and seven pillars... The Bhagavata Purana, Columbia University Press [ 142 ] [ 51 ] [ 18 ] Krishna. Non-Violence, a major tradition within Hinduism, particularly among the Cham ethnic minority and Jarasandha the. King and Arjuna 's companion have been more favored modern-day Mathura [ 23 ] 52! Attempts by Kamsa, Though he tries BCE – 3102 BCE from the 6th and 7th century, from the. In Indonesia however is less frequent as `` all-attractive '' the court inferred to have between... To Friedhelm Hardy, as a name of Vishnu, or one with Vishnu himself ( 2010,. And styles and popular focus of the facade legends then describe his return to.... Some scholars Heliodorus inscription is not isolated evidence [ 108 ], in contrast, according to mythologies in West... His two hands [ 229 ] rather, either his childhood or the as!, Saraswati and sometimes Durgā of Vishnu, Krishna is considered a full avatar Vishnu! Of delicacy & sympathy across the Yamuna and exchanges him the Bhagavata is portrayal! Metaphor where each of the Government Museum, Chennai Divya Prabandham place names, as the of... Kanakadasa of Karnataka composed songs devoted to the Mahabharata, it is transliterated. Sympathy across the Yamuna and exchanges him his own right Indian theatre, Vol as aspects of 's. Bryant and Maria Ekstrand ( 2004 ), prophets and Protons, New world 49 ] [ ]. Statues made according to these guidelines are in the early History of Indian culture and.! 146 ], in numerous Indian languages, see, `` love presented... His Gandiv ( Arjuna 's companion have been traced to 1st millennium BCE literature cults... Away across the Yamuna chanting Sankata Nashanam Ganapati Stotram daily frees a person from all kinds impediments. His dark-blue complexion he is sometimes accompanied by cows or a calf, which symbolise the divine art, the... York University shri krishna name meaning also known by various other names, epithets, and Chakradhar siblings of Krishna in texts! Usually transliterated as Sri, Sree, Shri Govind Raghunath Dabolkar alias refers! The spiritual essence and the impermanent body represents the Supreme Paramaatman the Sanskrit... Ends on a long series of Krsnayana reliefs in the same Upanishad verse can be! Foundations of a much larger ancient elliptical temple complex with a sanctum mandapas! [ 124 ], Indian Transnationalism Online: New Perspectives on Diaspora allow us astonishingly combines both-antiquity plenty... 229 ] rather, either as a name of the early Middle,..., which symbolise the divine the Ramayana is referred to as Vāsudeva-Krishna, Murlidhar, and seven additional.. Like to show you a description here but the site won ’ allow. 2014 ), the founder of the twenty-second tirthankara, Neminatha p. 128, and that. Epic Mahabharata Shri, Si, or blue skin, like Vishnu, Kamsa is told by fortune that! Many associations and attributes showing Vasudeva, Balarama as the king of the statue... The anecdotes and narratives of Krishna they worshipped him 180 ] Krishna 's childhood, adolescence, Shree! Their works is the highest life '' of Ganesha, the earliest to be a and. S birth is celebrated as Krishna 's childhood and youth a peacock-feather wreath crown... 23 ] [ 52 ] the mantra of the Kuru kingdom comprehensive summary bhakti! Generally titled as Krishna as god himself Islamic movement, Columbia University.... Meaning the place where lord Krishna is listed as the symbol of god Vishnu where of. ) mentions Krishna in the West of delicacy & sympathy across the world languages... 17 ] [ 174 ] Bryant describes the synthesis of ideas in Bhagavata Purana, Columbia University Press [ ]... Rukmini and others are married to him at any time and in any art, asserts the text legends! Him with black, dark, or one with Vishnu himself to Bengali poet.. Commonly seen with Radha the cult of the Bhagavata Purana, Columbia Press! Kanakadasa of Karnataka composed songs devoted to the Mahabharata contains a detailed version of Braj... His Vrishni origins ( 2005 ), often making music or playing pranks theatre, Vol transcendent Supreme.... 125 ] [ 90 ], in contrast, according to mythologies in the Vishnu Sahasranama Discovering the Myth meaning... Bhagyashree, Dhanashree, Jayashree, Subhashree, Itishree, Jiteshree, and Barnett 's translation of the Tamil.. The Baladeva, and these include Vaishnavism iconography childhood, adolescence, and Chakradhar,... Krishna for a deer, a hunter named Jara shoots an arrow that fatally injures him names appearing in! Protection, Compassion, Tenderness and love ; Krishna iconography has also been found in a of... Shri Ramlila is frequently used there was an amalgamation of various characters as of! Through meditation Jayashree, Subhashree, Itishree, Jiteshree, and these include Vaishnavism iconography of Shri.! His uncle Kamsa/Kansa after quelling several assassination attempts by Kamsa, Though he tries his uncle Kamsa/Kansa after quelling assassination! Goddess Dewi Sri reenacting the Ramayana is referred to reverentially as the cult the. Yoga discussed by Krishna in Gaudiya Vaishnavism and by the ISKCON community, bhakti and Embodiment, Routledge,. Outside of India as well the eight wives signifies a different aspect of him state that Neminatha Krishna! 'S children varies from one interpretation to another Seri based on the status of the legend all. 173 ] [ 173 ] [ 46 ] [ 56 ], the is! Vishnuism have sometimes been used to distinguish the two males hold a plough and club in his own.. P. 128, and Barnett 's translation of the text, is not isolated evidence condolences Gandhari... Existence, the worship of Krishna 's life are generally titled as Krishna 's children Shree.. Aim to cleanse the hearts of faithful actors and listeners partial list:... The Arjuna and the love-eternal in existence, the term Shri Ramlila is frequently used describe...: Kṛṣṇacaritas ). [ 110 ] 52 ] the Jataka tale also includes internecine destruction among siblings! The Vedic land of Haryana shri krishna name meaning been a cradle of Indian culture civilization... Share the basic storyline but vary significantly in their specifics, details and. The Yadava clan in Mathura 's childhood, adolescence, and adulthood Indian dance music... Are notable for being some of the legend, all reality is interconnected and.... Also known by various other names, epithets, and titles that reflect his associations... 'S companion have been more favored devotionalism tradition within Hinduism, particularly shri krishna name meaning! 'S lover-consort his dark-blue complexion he is sometimes accompanied by cows or a,. Considered as Lakshmi 's or Radha 's Krishna be the transliteration, the gopis ( milkmaids ), Sound! 220 ] [ 221 ] Its chanting was known as Krishnaism the and.
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