José Antonio Primo de Rivera y Sáenz de Heredia, 1st Duke of Primo de Rivera, 3rd Marquess of Estella, often referred to simply as José Antonio, was a Spanish politician who founded the fascist Falange Española, later Falange Española de las JONS. [3] From his father he inherited the title of Marquess of Estella. The church had contained the pantheon of Spanish monarchs but Primo de Rivera was buried directly in front of the altar. In February 1934, Falange Española merged with boards of trade unionist national offensive (Jonah), directed by Onésimo Redondo in Valladolid, and by Ramiro Ledesma Ramos in Madrid. The foundational convention was held in the Teatro de la Comedia of Madrid. Les cérémonies débutent alors par les dépôts de gerbes traditionnels des différentes délégations sur les tombes de José Antonio ou de Franco selon les affinités. After the elections of February 1936, in which did not obtain any seat, the Republican Government declared illegal Spanish Falange de las JONS, responsible for the existing disorder, and José Antonio was imprisoned in Madrid. Hijo primogénito Casilda Sáenz de Heredia y del general Miguel Primo de Rivera, perdió a su madre cuando tenía cinco años y tuvo una relación distante con su padre debido a los destinos militares que tuvo fuera de Madrid. This page was last edited on 18 October 2020, at 05:57. In his first parliamentary intervention he answered Gil-Robles—the founder of CEDA—who had just spoken out against all totalitarian forms of government for arrogating to themselves the attributes of God and crushing the personality of the individual: We believe that the state does not have to justify its behaviour at every turn, just as no individual or social class does, in so far as it holds to a guiding principle all the time. José Antonio Primo de Rivera was born at the Génova Street (Madrid) on April 24, 1903, the eldest son of the military officer Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja (who would later govern Spain as dictator from 1923 to 1930) and Casilda Sáenz de Heredia y Suárez de Argudín. Do not forget that one of the rules of our code of ethics is to have faith in the leaders.
Either way the death of the founder of Falange rid the general of a formidable rival. Queipo de Llano had written a defamatory letter against an uncle of José Antonio and against the Dictator himself. Ce n’est qu’en novembre 1939, après la victoire des troupes nationales, que son corps fut exhumé et transporté…à dos d’homme, 450 kilomètres plus loin, dans la basilique de Los Caïdos. The main mission of Falange Española was to achieve the national revolution to establish a State in the service of the fatherland. S’en suit bien évidemment la messe pour le repos des âmes des deux figures de la révolution nationale, ainsi que de ceux qui ont pris part au conflit. Mais cette sensation de vertige s’accentue encore par la présence des imposantes statues de 18 m des quatre évangélistes, situées à son pied et trônant de façon inquiétante au-dessus de l’esplanade.
[48], It has been noted that at some point he benignly put his hopes on politicians far from his own Fascist stances such as republican Manuel Azaña (in this case for a very brief time) or socialist Indalecio Prieto as potential candidates to alleviate his self-imposed burden for "saving" the country. Ce jeune politicard est « secrétaire de la section PS de... By clicking any of these buttons you help our site to get better, Socialistes : un cadre du MJS rend hommage le 11 novembre aux Poilus qui ont vaincu « l’Allemagne nazie », Une élue parisienne, adjoint au maire, se moque des chrétiennes, Prof décapité : un homme reçoit la visite des gendarmes après avoir écrit aux députés angevins, C’était un 24 octobre 1870 : le décret Crémieux, I-Média – Couvre-feu : les journalistes au garde-à-vous (video), 16 octobre… 1730 : mort d’Antoine de Lamothe-Cadillac, 13 octobre 1917 : à Fatima, le miracle de la « danse du soleil », L’ex-otage Sophie Petronin s’est convertie à l’islam, défend ses ravisseurs et veut retourner au Mali, 10 octobre 1945 : Joseph Darnand est fusillé, Plus de 200 détenus djihadistes relâchés pour faire libérer Sophie Pétronin, une humanitaire française retenue en otage au Mali, Coronavirus : la vente de masques a rapporté 40 milliards de dollars à la Chine, La conception cosmopolite de la diversité, C’était un 28 septembre : mort de Roger Nimier, biographie que lui a consacré Arnaud Imatz, gauche espagnole viennent s’en prendre à sa sépulture.
Berghahn Books, 2019, p.136, 143, Thomàs, Joan Maria. On October 29, 1933, Primo de Rivera launched the Falange Española ("Spanish Phalanx"), a nationalist party, inspired in part with some ideas, such as the necessity of authority, hierarchical order of society, and grassroots populism, that were being expounded in Italy in the Fascist movement. José Antonio Primo de Rivera y Sáenz de Heredia, 1st Duke of Primo de Rivera, 3rd Marquess of Estella (24 April 1903 – 20 November 1936), often referred to simply as José Antonio, was a Spanish politician who founded the fascist Falange Española ("Spanish Phalanx"), later Falange Española de las JONS. Tous deux reposaient jusqu’à récemment dans le Valle de Los Caïdos, le grand mausolée de la Guerre civile (construit à l’initiative du général Franco et où sont enterrés des combattants des deux camps), avant que la gauche espagnole viennent s’en prendre à sa sépulture.
Il restera alors à ce même visiteur environ 250 m à parcourir au milieu de magnifiques statues, tapisseries et autres tentures, pour atteindre le cœur de la basilique, et se recueillir enfin sur les tombes de José Antonio Primo de Rivera et de Francisco Franco.
[29] After one of the two meetings they had, Franco dismissed José Antonio as "a playboy pinturero" (a foppish playboy).
It is said by some that the Republic offered the Nationalists a prisoner exchange involving Primo de Rivera and a son of the Republic's head of government Francisco Largo Caballero[28] and that Franco turned down the offer. Lawyer and Spanish, founder of Falange Española, politician born in 1903 and died was executed on November 20, 1936. [better source needed][20], The upper-class José Antonio abandoned the tie and suit and took on the new blue-shirt Falange uniform (despite later mocking JAP militants because of this, the Falangists were originally dressed in suit and tie); the uniform, adopted in October 1935, was deliberately chosen as reference to Italian Fascism. Ce lieu fut pendant des décennies un rendez-vous des nationalistes d’Europe occidentale qui s’y retrouvaient vers le 20 novembre, mais les rassemblements à connotation « politique » (c’est-à-dire les hommages à Franco ou Primo de Rivera) y sont proscrits par les gouvernements espagnols depuis quelques années. [36][37][38] In 1959, they were exhumed and re-interred in the gargantuan basilica of the Valley of the Fallen, located in the Guadarrama mountain range, not far from El Escorial.[39]. Thus until this date many Falangists had lived in hope that de Rivera would still return (commonly saying "when José Antonio comes back") and began referring to him as "The Absent One", a reference to the Falange's tradition of calling "present!" Others contend that it was the Republican government who rejected the deal of the Nationalists and that General Franco approved several failed commando raids on the Alicante prison to try to rescue José Antonio. [47], Just as other Falangists, Primo de Rivera partially embraced the sense of Castilianist essentialism from the Generation of '98, but, conversely, he was also distinctly aware of the cultural plurality of the peoples in Spain, and thus the Falangist national project for Spain was framed following the orteguian legacy as one of "unity of destiny in the universal". [42], Primo de Rivera put much faith on corporativism, one of the few early Falangist tenets framed in positive terms, adopted from Italian Fascism. At the end of the war in 1939, the mortal remains of Primo de Rivera were carried on the shoulders of Falangist relay teams from Alicante to Madrid (a three-hundred kilometre journey) and provisionally interred at El Escorial. The image of José Antonio was revered during the war by the Nationalist faction and, after the establishment of Francoist Spain, he was regarded as a martyr, his figure being a tool of the Francoist propaganda apparatus. He never married. RECEVEZ GRATUITEMENT, UNE FOIS PAR SEMAINE, LA LISTE DES ARTICLES PARUS SUR CONTRE-INFO ! [32] Nevertheless, the party lost autonomy and was made wholly subservient to the will of General Franco in 1937 when he had Primo de Rivera's temporary replacement, Manuel Hedilla Larrey, thrown in jail, tried and sentenced to death (although his sentence was commuted),[33] decreed the merging of the Falange Española de las JONS with the Carlist traditionalists through the Unification Decree, and became the national chief of the new party, FET y de las JONS.
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